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Literary Techniques

Master the literary techniques that examiners look for in 11+ creative writing. Each technique includes clear definitions, real examples, exam tips, and practice exercises to help you write with confidence.

23 techniques

4 categories

CSSE, Kent & FSCE aligned

All Techniques
Literary Devices
Sentence Craft
Narrative Craft
Structure & Organisation

Showing 23 of 23 techniques

Literary Devices

Figurative language that brings your writing to life · 7 techniques

Literary Devices
Foundation
Simile

A comparison between two things using the words "like" or "as".

The fog hung like a thick grey curtain across the harbour.

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Literary Devices
Intermediate
Pathetic Fallacy

Using weather or the natural environment to reflect or mirror a character's mood or the atmosphere of a scene.

Grey clouds gathered overhead as I walked to school, dreading the day ahead.

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Literary Devices
Advanced
Extended Metaphor

A metaphor that continues across several sentences or an entire paragraph, developing the comparison in depth.

The crowd moved like a river — eddying around bargains, pooling at popular corners, occasionally spilling into the road.

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Sentence Craft

Techniques for varied, powerful sentences · 5 techniques

Sentence Craft
Foundation
Short Sentences for Impact

Using a very short sentence (sometimes just one or two words) to create drama, shock, or emphasis.

I reached for the door handle, my heart pounding, my fingers trembling, my breath caught somewhere between my chest and my throat. It was locked.

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Narrative Craft

Story-level skills that examiners reward · 9 techniques

Narrative Craft
Foundation
Show, Don't Tell

Instead of telling the reader what a character feels ("She was scared"), showing it through physical actions, sensations...

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Structure & Organisation

Planning and organising your writing · 2 techniques

Structure & Organisation
Foundation
Powerful Openings

Starting your story or description in a way that immediately grabs the reader's attention.

Action opening: "Run!" The word tore through the darkness before I even saw who had shouted it.

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Ready to Practise Your Writing?

Put these techniques to the test with our exam-style creative writing prompts. Each prompt is designed to help you practise the skills that examiners reward.