A question showing: Figure A relates to Figure B in the same way that Figure C relates to Figure ? (you find the answer)

1. Find what changed from A to B  2. Apply the SAME change to C  3. The result is your answer

1. Rotation  2. Reflection (flip)  3. Size change  4. Shading change  5. Adding/removing elements  6. Shape change  7. Position change

What types of changes should you look for in analogies?

C must also rotate 90° clockwise to get the answer.

If A→B shows a 90° clockwise rotation, what must happen to C?

If an arrow pointing UP becomes an arrow pointing RIGHT (90° CW), and a triangle pointing UP needs the same change, where will it point?

180° rotation flips the shape to the opposite direction

A→B: shape rotates 180°. C is an L-shape pointing up-right. What does the answer look like?

A shape is flipped over a line to create its mirror image.

What is a reflection (flip) in NVR analogies?

If A→B shows a horizontal (left-right) flip, and C shows "b", what is the answer?

If A→B shows a vertical (top-bottom) flip, and C shows "b", what is the answer?

C becomes larger in the answer (same size increase rule applies).

If A is small and B is large, what happens to C?

Doubling rule applies: medium becomes large

A→B: shape doubles in size. C is a medium triangle. What size is the answer?

1. Empty → Filled  2. Filled → Empty  3. Half-shaded → Fully shaded  4. Solid → Striped  5. Shading swaps position

What shading changes might happen in analogies?

Shading change: empty → filled applies to the square

A (empty circle) → B (filled circle). C is an empty square. What is the answer?

The shading in C must also move from left to right.

If A→B shows shading moving from left to right, what happens in C→answer?

The same type of element must be added to C.

If A→B adds an element, what happens in C→answer?

A (square with 1 dot) → B (square with 2 dots). C (triangle with 3 dots) → ?

If A has 5 lines and B has 3 lines, and C has 8 lines, how many lines does the answer have?

Sometimes yes! The rule might be: "add one side" or "curved becomes straight".

Can the actual shape change in an analogy?

If A (triangle) → B (square), and C is a pentagon, how many sides does the answer have?

1. Shape moves to different corner  2. Elements swap positions  3. Inside becomes outside  4. Shapes move relative to each other

What position changes might you see in analogies?

A→B: small shape moves from inside to outside the large shape. C has small shape inside. Where is it in the answer?

ALL the changes must happen from C to the answer.

What if multiple things change from A to B?

1. List all changes from A to B  2. Apply each change to C one at a time  3. The answer must have ALL changes

How do you handle complex analogies with multiple changes?

Some analogies show: what's black becomes white, what's big becomes small, etc.

What if the analogy involves opposite changes?

Check that the relationship A:B is EXACTLY the same as C:Answer.

How do you verify your answer in an analogy?

1. 90° or 180° rotation  2. Horizontal or vertical flip  3. Shading inversion  4. Add/remove one element  5. Size change  6. Combine or split shapes

What are the most common analogy relationships?

Answer options that look similar but have something wrong (wrong rotation, wrong shading, etc.)

What are "distractors" in analogy questions?

Try working backwards: look at the answer options and see which one would make C→answer match A→B.

What if you can't find the relationship in an analogy?

The type of shape often stays the same (A and B are both circles; C and answer are both squares).

The relationship between A and B must be EXACTLY the same as between C and the answer.

What is the most important thing to remember about analogies?

Master "A is to B as C is to ?" visual relationship problems

Visual Analogies

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